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The part of the valley in which the river naturally waves and forms meanders is called the FLOODPLAIN. The floodplain is made up of river sediments and is regularly flooded, influenced and shaped by floods.
Meanders are caused by the stream causing erosion of the banks on one side and deposition of material on the other. The current of water hits the scoured bank the hardest, biting off rocks and soil and carrying them away. This process is called EROSION and can create steep, steep banks in which some birds build their nests.
On the opposite bank, material carried by the water current form DEPOSITION. Here a kind of rocky or sandy beach is formed, which is favoured by wading birds searching for the food there.
Over time, the natural water flow in the floodplain area changes its route. Along the flow, so-called OXBOW LAKES may form, which have already separated completely from the watercourse. They take the form of pools. After they are filled with deposits, meander scars can be found on the surface.